The history of Ephedra (ma-huang)
Ephedra is a Chinese shrub which has been used in China for medicinal
purposes for several thousand years. The pure alkaloid ephedrine was first isolated
and characterised by Nagai in 1885. It was then forgotten until it was rediscovered
by Chen and Schmidt in the early 1920s. Its actions on the adrenoceptors could
be classified into separate alpha and beta effects – a defining moment in the history
of autonomic pharmacology. Ephedrine became a highly popular and effective
treatment for asthma, particularly because, unlike adrenaline (until then the standard