Diphtheria in the current era of universal vaccination
Diphtheria is a vaccination preventable infectious disease with local and systemic complications predominantly affecting upper respiratory tract in younger (<5-year age) children. Its virulence is due to its ability to produce toxin which can cause fatal complications such as myocarditis and permanent damage in form of peripheral neuropathy. Diagnosis of diphtheria is primarily clinical supported by demonstration of toxin producing bacteria by culture. Early diagnosis and management with diphtheria anti-toxin can prevent mortality and morbidity.