Antiretroviral therapy

Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996, mortality in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has decreased markedly. As a result, morbidity from other chronic conditions  such as kidney, liver and heart disease is increasing. This is in part as a natural consequence of ageing, and in part due to the higher risk of solid organ failure in these individuals. This higher risk is related to the co-morbidities associated with HIV infection and to the metabolic consequences of drug therapy.